History Dictionary

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Crusades

The crusades consisted of several military expeditions organized by various Western Christian kingdoms in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries to liberate the Holy Land from Turkish rule. These were organized following the seizure of Jerusalem by the Seldjuk Turks who, by forbidding the pilgrimages of Christians to the Holy Sepulcher, led to a wave of indignation and revolt in the Christian world leading Pope Urban II to call for the reconquest of Palestine for Christians. The strong religiosity of the time, coupled with the prospect of getting rich, led all social orders to adhere to this appeal of the Pope, and Christian kingdoms organized eight expeditions between 1095 and the end of the thirteenth century.